1. Construction:

   • Material: The outer casing is typically made of robust materials, often steel.
   • Insulation: The furnace is insulated to minimize heat loss, and ceramic fiber wool insulation is commonly used.

2. Heating Elements:

   • Material: The heating elements are often made of materials such as KANTHAL wire, which can withstand high temperatures.
   • Insulation: The heating elements are surrounded by insulation material, often cerawool or similar, to enhance efficiency and safety.

3. Temperature Control:

   • Control Unit: A microprocessor-based digital temperature controller provides precise temperature control.
   • Temperature Range: Muffle furnaces typically have a wide temperature range, allowing for various heat treatment processes.

4. Power Supply:

   • Voltage: They can be designed to work on standard power supplies, such as 220/230 volts or 430/440 volts AC.

5. Muffle Design:

   • Material: The muffle itself is often made of refractory materials that can withstand high temperatures.
   • Design: Muffles are designed to provide uniform heating to the contents and may have a specific shape or configuration depending on the application.

6. Safety Features:

   • Over-Temperature Protection: There might be safety features to prevent overheating.
   • Door Safety Locks: Furnaces often have safety mechanisms to prevent accidental opening during operation.

7. User Interface:

   • Display: Digital displays for temperature readouts.
   • Controls: User-friendly controls for setting and adjusting temperature parameters.

8. Powder Coating:

   • Finish: The outer casing might have a powder-coated finish for durability and corrosion resistance.

9. Applications:

   • Muffle furnaces are commonly used in laboratories and industrial settings for processes like ashing, heat treating, and material testing that require controlled high-temperature environments.

Specification:

1. Type: Natural heat distribution type.

2. Temperature Range:

   • Working range up to 900°C or 1150°C (depending on the order).

3. Accuracy:

   • ±3°C accuracy in temperature control.

4. Temperature Controller:

   • Microprocessor-based PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) Digital Temperature Indicator-cum-Controller.

5. Display:

   • LED display with dual indication for Set Value (SV) and Process Value (PV). This allows you to monitor both the set temperature and the actual temperature inside the furnace.

6. Thermocouple:

   • K-type thermocouple (made of Cr-Al), which is commonly used for measuring high temperatures.

7. Heating Elements:

   • Kanthal "A-1" grade heating elements. Kanthal A-1 is a type of iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloy known for its high temperature resistance.

8. Insulation:

   • High-density Ceramic Fiber insulation. Ceramic fiber is often used in furnaces for its excellent thermal insulation properties.

9. Supply Voltage:

   • The furnace can operate on either 220/230V or 400/440V AC supply, providing flexibility in power requirements.